Hide
Show all
Email this article Prevalence study for camel and human Brucellosis in Mid Rift Valley
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of camel and human brucellosis and to assess the association between risk factors and sero-prevalence in Mid Rift Valley of Ethiopia from September 2013 to April 2014. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used. In the study 768 camel and 250 human sera were screened for Brucella antibodies using Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT). Rose Bengal Plate Test positive sera were further tested using Complement Fixation Test (CFT) as per OIE recommendation. The herd-level  seroprevalence was 36.5% (70/192). In addition herding experience did also affect the status of  seroprevalence among the respective categories (p<0.05); but reproductive status did not significantly affect the status of  seroprevalence (p>0.05). History of abortion, fetal membrane retention and stillbirth were found to be significantly (p=0.000, p=0.004 and p=0.000) associated with brucellosis. Out of 250 persons (male and female) tested 15 were RBPT positives and the RBPT positive samples were tested using CFT accordingly all of them were seropositive, the positive reactor being  shepherds. There was a high risk of acquiring the infection during retention of fetal membranes (p=0.000) and for people who were both in contact with animals and drank raw milk (p=0.001). In conclusion the study showed that camel and human brucellosis were prevalent in the study area and appropriate control measures need to be introduced to alleviate the disease problem in the region
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abbas, B., and H. Agab. 2002. A review of camel brucellosis. Prev. Vet. Med. 55:47-56.
Abou-Eisha, A. M. 2000. Brucellosis in camels and its relation to public health. Assiut Vet. Med. J. 44:54-64.
Acha, N. and B., Szyfres. 2001. Zoonoses and Communicable Disease Common to Man and Animal. 3rd ed.. Pan America Health Organization, Washington D.C., Pp 40-296.
Al- Majali, A. M., K. M., Al-Qudah, Y. H., Al-Tarazi, and O. F., Al-Rawashdeh.. 2008. Risk factors associated with camel brucellosis in Jordan. Trop. Anim. Hlth. Prod. 40:193- 200. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18484121 Accessed on 05, April, 2015.
Bekele, M., M., Bayleyegn, and Y., Laikemariam. 2005. Seroprevalence of brucellosis in camels (Camelusdromedarius) in Borana lowland, southern Ethiopia. Bull. Anim. Hlth Prod. Afr. 53:252 – 257.
Berhanu, T. 2006. Camel management and status of camel brucellosis in Jijiga Zone, south east lowland areas Somali National Regional State. MSc Thesis, FVM, AAU, Debre-Zeit, Ethiopia. Pp 19-27.
CFSPH 2007. Brucellosis. Center for Food Safety and Public Health.Iowa University, College of Veterinary Medicine. Pp1-5. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/ brucellosis_t.htm. Accessed on 10, June, 2015.
Coelho, A. M., A. C., Coelho, M., Roboredo, and J., Rodrigues. 2007. A case control study of risk factors for brucellosis sero-positivity in Portuguese small ruminant herds. Prev. Vet. Med. 82:291–301.
Coetzer, J. W. and R. C., Tustin. 2004: Infectious Diseases of Livestock 3rd ed. South Africa Oxford University Press. 3:1507-1551.
Cooper, C.W. 1991. The epidemiology of human brucellosis in well-defined urban population in Saudi Arabia. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 94: 416-422.
ESZARDO. 2008. East Shoa Zone Agricultural and Rural Development Office Livestock Population Data. Unpublished Document Adama.
FARM-Africa-PLIP, 2005-2007. Farm Africa pastoralists livelihood initiative-project two years report. http://www.scribd.com/doc/21053390/. Accessed on 20, April, 2016.
Higgns, A. T., W.R., Allen. I.G., Mayhew. D. H. Snow. and J. Wode. 1992. An Introduction to the camel in health and disease in proceeding of the first International camel conference. R and W Publications UD, London
Köhler-Rollefson, I., P., Mundy. and E., Mathias. 2001. A Field Manual of Camel Diseases. ITDG publishing, Pp 253.Traditional and Modern Health Cares for Dromedaries. London.
Kulplulu, O. and B., Sarimehmetoglu. 2004. Isolation and identification of Brucella from ice cream. Food Control. 15:511-514.
Maria, L. 2006. Causes of infectious abortions in goats. Available on line at: http://www.aces.edu/counties. Accessed on 20, March, 2016.
Mohamed, R. 2002. Incidence and control of brucellosis in the Near East region. Vet Microbiol. 90:81-110.
Morata, P., M .I., Queipo-Ortuno, M. I., Rugvera, M. A., Garcia-Ordonez, A., Cardenas, and J. D., Colmenero. 2003. Development and evaluation of a PCR-Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay for diagnosis of human brucellosis. J.Clin. Microbiol., 41:144-148.
Mussie, H. 2005. Seroprevalence study of brucellosis in cattle and human in Bahirdarmilk shed. MSc Thesis, FVM, AAU, Debre-Zeit, Ethiopia.
OIE 2004.Manual of Diagnostic Tests and vaccines for Terrestrial Animals, 5th Ed. Paris, Pp 409-438.
Okoh, A. E. J. 1979. A survey of brucellosis in camels in Kano, Nigeria. Trop. Anim. Hlth. Prod. 11: 213-214.
Omer, M.K., T., Asfaw, E., Skjerue, and T., Tekleghiorgis. 2002. Prevalence of antibodies to brucellosis species risk factors related to high risk occupational groups in Eriterea. Epidemol.Infect. 129: 85-91.
PHCE 2009. Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia (PHCE): Results for Oromia Region, Vol. 1, part 1. Accessed 6 April 2016.
Poester, F. P., V. P., Salvador, and A. P., Lage. 2002. Brucellosis in Brazil. Vet. Microbiol. 90: 55–62.
Radostits, E. D., C. C., Gay, and K. W., Inch cliff, 2000. Veterinary Medicine. Textbook of the disease of cattle, sheep, pigs, goats and horses, 9th Ed. New York. W.B. Sounders Company ltd.. Pages 867-882.
Radwaan, A. I., S. I., Bekairi, and P. V. S. Prasad. 1992. Serological and bacteriological study of brucellosis in camels in central Saudi Arabia. Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz. 11: 837- 844.
Refai, M. 2002. Incidence and control of brucellosis in the near east region. Vet. Microbiol. 90: 81-110.
Statistical Package for Social Science. Inc. (SPSS) 2007. SPSS for window (Version 15.0) Chicago, Illinos, USA.
Teka, T. 1991. The dromedaries in Eastern African countries. The Nomadic People. 29:3-9.
Teshome, H., B., Molla, and M., Tibbo, 2003. A seroprevalence study of camel brucellosis in three camel rearing region of Ethiopia. Trop. Anim. Hlth and Prod. 35:381-389.
Thrusfield, M. 2005. Veterinary Epidemiology. 3rd Ed. Pages 225-281 Blackwell Science Ltd, Cambridge, USA.
Walker, L. R. 1999. Brucella In Veterinary Microbiology. Dwight, C., D.C., Hirsh, and Y.C., Zee. (ed). Blackwell Science. Pages 196-203.
Wernery, U. and O. R., Kaaden. 2002. Infectious disease ofcamelides. London, Black well Science Inc, Pages 99-116.
Yagil, R. 1985. The Desert Camel: Comparative physiological adaptation (Animal Nutrition Number 3). Basel: Karger, Page 163.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2018 Global Journal of Animal Scientific Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.